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smoking-free buildings

Nonsmokers's health could be threatened by secondhand smoking from their neighbors, demonstrating the need to have smoking-free buildings, U.S. researchers say. To determine the impact of neighbors'secondhand smoking on nonsmokers, researchers at Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI) in Buffalo, New York, analyzed air quality data from 30 apartments within 11 buildings. The findings show that secondhand smoke can travel from the apartments of smokers to hallways and apartments of nonsmokers. The extent of the secondhand smoking transfer depends on a number of factors, including ventilation and distance between apartments, according to the study published Thursday online in the journal Nicotine & Tobacco Research. The researchers said the best way to protect apartment residents from secondhand smoking is to have smoking-free buildings. "This study suggests that individuals who live in apartment buildings are particularly susceptible to secondhand smoking exposure in their homes," lead investigator Brian King, of RPCI's department of health behavior, said in a news release from the institute. "Since many factors can impact the amount of secondhand smoking transfer between apartments, smoking-free building policies are the most effective way to protect apartment residents and their visitors from exposure."

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Australian scientists

Australian scientists on Tuesday revealed the most complete picture of the way Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) maintains its infectious grip on the body, pointing to new ways to combat it. The Melbourne-based research has explained how the virus hides dormant versions of itself in a reservoir of cells out of the reach of conventional treatments but still able to "wake up" in the future, posing a major hurdle to any total cure for HIV. "Once HIV gets into these cells, the virus can then go to sleep, " Co-Head of the Burnet Institute's Center for Virology and Director of The Alfred's Infectious Diseases Unit, Professor Sharon Lewin told Australian Associated Press (AAP) on Tuesday. "These silently infected cells are not cleared by anti-HIV drugs or the immune system (meaning) once a patient stops the anti- HIV drugs, the virus can then wake up and gets going again. "Understanding this mechanism will enable new treatment options to be developed which could block latent infection." The research is published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Science this week. Prof Lewin said it had remained a mystery as to how the virus gained access to the body's resting CD4-T cells and how it could then lie hidden for years despite prolonged treatment with anti- HIV drugs. "Our team of researchers has now identified the path by which the virus can infect resting CD4-T cells and establish latency," Prof Lewin said. "We have shown that a family of proteins, called chemokines, that guide resting cells through the blood and into lymph node tissue can 'unlock the door' and allow HIV to enter and set up a silent or 'latent' infection." Prof Lewin said understanding how the virus achieved this should speed up the development of new and more potent treatments for HIV, that could possibly block the virus from establishing latency while also targeting its more active presence in the body. Professor Brendan Crabb, Director of the Burnet Institute, said the breakthrough was a long time coming and heralded the beginning of a new chapter in the fight against HIV and Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). "We (the global scientific community) have been working on HIV for close to 30 years and it's really only now that we're beginning to see that a cure for HIV might be achievable and needs to be a major scientific priority," Professor Crabb told AAP. The research was a collaborative effort involving scientists from the Burnet Institute, The Alfred, Monash University of Australia, University of Montreal, Canada and the Westmead Millennium Research Institute in Sydney. thingthings life livelive la

Australian scientists

Australian scientists on Tuesday revealed the most complete picture of the way Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) maintains its infectious grip on the body, pointing to new ways to combat it. The Melbourne-based research has explained how the virus hides dormant versions of itself in a reservoir of cells out of the reach of conventional treatments but still able to "wake up" in the future, posing a major hurdle to any total cure for HIV. "Once HIV gets into these cells, the virus can then go to sleep, " Co-Head of the Burnet Institute's Center for Virology and Director of The Alfred's Infectious Diseases Unit, Professor Sharon Lewin told Australian Associated Press (AAP) on Tuesday. "These silently infected cells are not cleared by anti-HIV drugs or the immune system (meaning) once a patient stops the anti- HIV drugs, the virus can then wake up and gets going again. "Understanding this mechanism will enable new treatment options to be developed which could block latent infection." The research is published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Science this week. Prof Lewin said it had remained a mystery as to how the virus gained access to the body's resting CD4-T cells and how it could then lie hidden for years despite prolonged treatment with anti- HIV drugs. "Our team of researchers has now identified the path by which the virus can infect resting CD4-T cells and establish latency," Prof Lewin said. "We have shown that a family of proteins, called chemokines, that guide resting cells through the blood and into lymph node tissue can 'unlock the door' and allow HIV to enter and set up a silent or 'latent' infection." Prof Lewin said understanding how the virus achieved this should speed up the development of new and more potent treatments for HIV, that could possibly block the virus from establishing latency while also targeting its more active presence in the body. Professor Brendan Crabb, Director of the Burnet Institute, said the breakthrough was a long time coming and heralded the beginning of a new chapter in the fight against HIV and Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). "We (the global scientific community) have been working on HIV for close to 30 years and it's really only now that we're beginning to see that a cure for HIV might be achievable and needs to be a major scientific priority," Professor Crabb told AAP. The research was a collaborative effort involving scientists from the Burnet Institute, The Alfred, Monash University of Australia, University of Montreal, Canada and the Westmead Millennium Research Institute in Sydney. thingthings life livelive la

Australian scientists

Australian scientists on Tuesday revealed the most complete picture of the way Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) maintains its infectious grip on the body, pointing to new ways to combat it. The Melbourne-based research has explained how the virus hides dormant versions of itself in a reservoir of cells out of the reach of conventional treatments but still able to "wake up" in the future, posing a major hurdle to any total cure for HIV. "Once HIV gets into these cells, the virus can then go to sleep, " Co-Head of the Burnet Institute's Center for Virology and Director of The Alfred's Infectious Diseases Unit, Professor Sharon Lewin told Australian Associated Press (AAP) on Tuesday. "These silently infected cells are not cleared by anti-HIV drugs or the immune system (meaning) once a patient stops the anti- HIV drugs, the virus can then wake up and gets going again. "Understanding this mechanism will enable new treatment options to be developed which could block latent infection." The research is published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Science this week. Prof Lewin said it had remained a mystery as to how the virus gained access to the body's resting CD4-T cells and how it could then lie hidden for years despite prolonged treatment with anti- HIV drugs. "Our team of researchers has now identified the path by which the virus can infect resting CD4-T cells and establish latency," Prof Lewin said. "We have shown that a family of proteins, called chemokines, that guide resting cells through the blood and into lymph node tissue can 'unlock the door' and allow HIV to enter and set up a silent or 'latent' infection." Prof Lewin said understanding how the virus achieved this should speed up the development of new and more potent treatments for HIV, that could possibly block the virus from establishing latency while also targeting its more active presence in the body. Professor Brendan Crabb, Director of the Burnet Institute, said the breakthrough was a long time coming and heralded the beginning of a new chapter in the fight against HIV and Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). "We (the global scientific community) have been working on HIV for close to 30 years and it's really only now that we're beginning to see that a cure for HIV might be achievable and needs to be a major scientific priority," Professor Crabb told AAP. The research was a collaborative effort involving scientists from the Burnet Institute, The Alfred, Monash University of Australia, University of Montreal, Canada and the Westmead Millennium Research Institute in Sydney. thingthings life livelive la

to eat your broccoli

A new study finds that an extra serving of green leafy vegetables every day cuts the risk of type 2 diabetes in adults by 14 percent. Eating more green leafy vegetables can significantly cut the risk of developing diabetes, scientists say. British researchers reviewed six earlier studies on links between diabetes and the consumption of fruits and vegetables, and found that eating an extra serving a day of vegetables like spinach, cabbage and broccoli reduced adults' risk of getting type 2 diabetes by 14 percent. The findings do not prove that the veggies themselves prevent type 2 diabetes, which is often linked to poor diet and lack of exercise, and is reaching epidemic levels as obesity rates rise. People who eat more green leafy vegetables may also have a healthier diet overall, exercise more or may be better off financially, and any of those factors could affect how likely they are to get diabetes. But, "the data suggest that green leafy vegetables are key", says researcher Patrice Carter of the diabetes research unit at Leicester University. The review, published in the British Medical Journal, looked at six studies, which covered more than 200,000 people between the ages of 30 and 74, in the United States, China and Finland. "Fruit and vegetables are all good, but the data significantly show that green leafy vegetables are particularly interesting, so further investigation is warranted," Carter says. Green leafy vegetables contain antioxidants, magnesium and omega 3 fatty acids - all of which have been shown to have health benefits, she adds. Each of the studies that Carter and her colleagues analyzed followed a group of adults over periods of four-and-a-half to 23 years, recording how many servings of fruits and vegetables each participant ate on a daily basis and then examining who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The researchers found no significant difference in diabetes risk with higher intake of vegetables in general, fruits in general, or combinations of vegetables and fruits. Green leafy vegetables stood out, however, with an increase of 1.15 servings a day producing a 14 percent decrease in an individual's risk of developing diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is caused by the body's inability to adequately use insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, to regulate levels of glucose produced from food. Uncontrolled, the sugar levels rise and can damage the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and major arteries. An estimated 180 million people worldwide have diabetes. The costs of caring for those with the disease are soaring in wealthy nations and becoming an increasing burden in developing countries, too. Although there is no cure for diabetes, people with the condition can minimize their chances of becoming sicker by being more active and losing weight. Some people with diabetes need medications to control their blood sugar and insulin levels - for others, it is enough to keep a close watch on their diet. It's important not to point to green leafy vegetables as a "magic bullet" for diabetes prevention and forget the broader picture of whole food groups, write Dr Jim Mann, of the Edgar National Center for Diabetes and Obesity Research at the University of Otago in New Zealand, and Dagfinn Aune of London's Imperial College, in an accompanying editorial. However, they add, "the findings are also a useful reminder to clinicians that giving dietary advice may be just as beneficial, if not more so, than prescribing drugs to patients at risk of chronic disease."